Tennis Elbow

Tennis elbow is a painful condition of the elbow that occurs due to repeated forceful impact on the extended arm. It is the result of small tears in muscles and tendons just above the elbow.

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) Dysfunction

The temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) the joint where the mandible (the lower jaw) joins the temporal bone of the skull, immediately in front of the ear on each side of your head. A small disc of cartilage separates the bones, much like in the knee joint, so that the mandible may slide easily; each time you chew you move it. But you also move it every time you talk and each time you swallow (every three minutes or so). It is, therefore, one of the most frequently used of all joints of the body.

Total Joint Replacement

Joint replacement is the procedure in which the joint is removed and replaced with an artificial joint or prosthesis. Damaged or diseased joints produce pain that may be severe and debilitating. Movement becomes gradually restricted. Total joint replacement is considered if other treatment options do not relieve pain and disability.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)

ACL is the short name for a ligament of the knee called Anterior Cruciate Ligament. Ligaments are tough, chord-like structures, which connect bones. There are four such ligaments in the knee - one on the inner side, one on the outer side, and two in the middle. The two middle ligaments cross each other, and are called cruciate ligaments. Of these, the one in front is called Anterior Cruciate Ligament or ACL.

Shoulder Dislocation

What is shoulder dislocation?Dislocation of the shoulder joint happens when the bones that make up the shoulder joint are moved apart so that the joint no longer functions. The shoulder is made up of two bones: the ball (the end of the arm bone, or humerus) and the socket (part of the shoulder blade, or scapula). When the ball part of the joint is dislocated in front of the socket, it is called an anterior dislocation. When it is dislocated behind the socket, it is called a posterior dislocation. In severe cases, ligaments, tendons, and nerves also can be stretched and injured.

Skull Fracture

A skull fracture is a break or fracture in one or more bones of the skull caused by head injury. Although the skull is tough, resilient and provides excellent protection to the brain, a severe head injury can result in skull fracture. Isolated skull fractures are not very serious, but their presence may suggest underlying brain injury, which could be serious.

Spasticity

Spasticity is a condition described by stiff or rigid muscles and exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, that interferes with muscular activity, gait, movement, or speech. This means that if one tries to move the arm or leg, resistance increases as the speed of the movement is increased. In some cases, the rapid increase in resistance leads to a ‘catch’ as the limb is moved, with a subsequent release of the resistance once the limb stops moving.

Rickets

Rickets is a disorder in which there is softening and weakening of the bones of children, primarily caused by the lack of vitamin D or calcium and phosphate. It is most likely to occur during periods of rapid growth when the body requires high levels of calcium and phosphate. It is usually seen in young children 6 to 24 months old and is uncommon in newborns.

Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a disease resulting in thinning and weakening of bones making them more likely to break. The bones in the body constantly go through a process whereby bone is absorbed and new bone is laid down. With age, this balance is disturbed, and while bone continues to get absorbed, new bone is not laid down at the same speed. This loss of bone material starts in the late thirties and becomes marked in women after menopause. The process may go unnoticed till a bone breaks.

Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is the commonest chronic disorder involving the joints. It is also called degenerative arthritis as it is related to the ageing process. In normal life, joint surface is covered with soft and very smooth bone that is called cartilage. In normal health it provides elastic tissue or padding in joints that act as a smooth cushioning material inside joints, and prevents bones from rubbing together with friction-free movement of the joints

Muscular dystrophy (MD)

Muscular dystrophy (MD) refers to a group of genetic diseases characterised by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal or voluntary muscles which control movement. The muscles of the heart and some other involuntary muscles are also affected in some forms of MD, and a few forms involve other organs as well.

Myasthenia gravis

Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disease characterized by varying degrees of weakness and rapid fatigue of the skeletal (voluntary) muscles of the body. The name myasthenia gravis, which is Latin and Greek in origin, literally means "grave muscle weakness."

Ganglion cyst

A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled cyst that usually forms at the wrist or elbow joint and arises from the tissue lining the tendons and joints. The cyst is painless and benign and contains a clear, jelly like fluid. It may increase in size slowly. Though the cyst can occur at any age, it is most common during the 30's and in old age. It is also more common in women than in men.

Muscle cramps

A muscle cramp is a sudden contraction of one or more of the muscles. The result can be intense pain and an inability to use the affected muscles. In athletes, common causes of leg cramps are overuse, stress and dehydration during sports played in warm weather. Overuse, injury, muscle strain or staying in the same position also may cause cramps.

Gout

What is gout?Gout is an excruciatingly painful acute arthritis seen almost exclusively in men above 40 years of age; children and women in reproductive age do not get gouty arthritis. Similarly, it is very uncommon to see gouty arthritis in men below 40 years of age. Gout is often a familial arthritis with history of similar acute attacks in father, uncles, grandfather. It belongs to a major class of arthritis called ‘crystal-deposition arthritis’.

Fibromyalgia

Fibromyalgia is a common and chronic problem. The symptoms sometimes improve. At other times, the symptoms may worsen and continue for months or years. The key is seeking professional help which includes a multi-faceted approach to the management and treatment of the disease. There is no proof that fibromyalgia syndrome results in an increased death rate.

Frozen Shoulder

Frozen shoulder or adhesive capsulitis is a painful condition in which the shoulder loses its range of movements. This condition is referred to as "frozen shoulder" because it becomes very difficult for a person to move his shoulder. The shoulder is not actually frozen, it is just stiff. It may follow an injury to the shoulder, but may also arise gradually without warning or injury.

Fracture

A fracture is a break in the bone or cartilage. It may be because of injury or a disease that causes weakening of the bone. It may also be because of abnormal structure of bones since birth.

Diskitis

Diskitis is an inflammation, irritation, and swelling of the intervertebral disk space (the space between the bones of the spine).How is it caused?Diskitis is an uncommon condition, which is usually seen in children younger than age 10 years. It can be caused by a bacterial or viral infection or other inflammatory processes, such as auto-immune diseases (conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks certain cells in the body).

Crush Syndrome

Crush syndrome is a condition caused when an excessive force is applied to a group of muscles for a long time. If the injury damages, which damages the muscles very severely, a toxic protein called myoglobin and others like potassium and phosphorus are released in large quantities in the body